![]() The penetration mode of a given penetrator (e.g. These features are described in more detail below. In the other three modes the formula for $P(z)$ uses a term of hyperbolic form: this provides a high stiffness response for small reversals of motion, but ensures that as the penetration $z$ increases or decreases from its value when this episode of penetration or uplift started, then the resistance $P(z)$ asymptotically approaches the soil ultimate penetration resistance (for penetration) or ultimate suction resistance (for uplift) at that penetration depth. In not in contact mode the resistance $P(z)$ is zero.See penetration resistance formulae below. In each penetration mode the seabed reaction force per unit length, $P(z)$, is modelled using an analytic function of the non-dimensionalised penetration $z/D$, where $z=$ penetration and $D=$ penetrator contact diameter.It models the seabed normal resistance using four penetration modes, as shown in the diagram below.The data used by the nonlinear soil model, and its suitability for different seabed types, are discussed under the seabed data topic.įull details of the nonlinear soil model are given in Randolph and Quiggin (2009). It is a development from earlier models that used a hyperbolic secant stiffness formulation, such as those proposed by Bridge et al and Aubeny et al. Mark Randolph FRS ( Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, University of Western Australia). ![]() The nonlinear soil model has been developed in collaboration with Prof. ![]()
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